warren x



um u@ 4 'sntsusn'eet 1 Wam , R. WARREN METHOD AND APIARATUS lFOR CLEANING, 'SEPARATING,

May 29,` 192s.

AND GRADING SEEDS AND OTHER BODIES original Findlay 27. 1921 4 sheets-she 2 Zi/ggg.,

v Jtaraege May 29, 192s."

METHOD' AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, SEPARATING;

AND GRADING SEEDS .AND OTHER BODIES'A Original. Filpd May 27,1921

v Re. 16,981

H. R. WARREN. v l

MJP/legs May 2,9, 1928. Re. 16,981

H. R." WRREN l A METHOD AND APPARATUS Fon'cLEANING, SEPABATING,

AND GRADING SEEDS AND OTHER BODIES Original Fild Y 27', 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet .lavelfolh -Ml'ly P Waffele.

@AAM 4:14a..

Reissued May 29; 19.28.

l l Re.16,9811 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE.,

HARRY R. WARREN, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO WARREN SEED' CLEAN-'ING'v I COMPANY, OF RENO, NEVADA', A CORPORATION OF. NEVADA.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, SEPARATING, AND GRADING SEEDS AND OTHER BODIES.

original No. 1,572,055, dated February 9, 1926, Serial No. 472,974, filed May 27, 1921. Renewed May 14,

1925. Application for reissue filed February 4, 1928. Serial No. 252,012.

v l I of noxious seeds, andwhich even when the percentage of objectionable seeds issullicicntly small io comply with the pure seed laws which exist in nearly all States, are a serious menace from the propagation of banetul growths which is inevitable Jfrom thel planting of even the few noxious seeds present in the proportionpermitted by the required as to bequito inexpensive.

pure seed laws. This inadequacy of separation of noxious from good seeds is reiiectcd in the pu're seed laws which, placing the standard of purity as high as possible without being prohibitive ot' dealing in seeds (and thus suicidally making it impossible for the .farmer to obtain seeds), dare not, in the most exacting States, require a higher percentage of purity than from 9() to 97%. In some States a percentage of purity as low as 00% is permitted. Obviously the waste in good seedsl and the loss from the damage caused by Weed pests are enormous. The object of my invention is toA eliminate this loss. My invention is thev outcome of thorough. investigation ot the methods and appliances commonly used for seed separation and ot' the problems that the great diversities in seeds present. By. my inven- 'tion perfect salvage or separation can be eil'ected, and by means of apparatus of simple and not costly construction, and of such rapid performance of thc operations My invention is based on the familiar fact that bodies of diiterent specific gravities, when placed in a liquid, will settle or float there- I in at different levels, and while I am aware that it has been proposed to utilize this principle in not-know that it has been done` in actual practice. or on a commercial scale, and I am convinced from my practically ascertained knowledge ot the subject that unless characthe separation ot' seeds, I dol teristics which differentiate my method and apparatus from what has been heretofore proposed are utilized, it is impossible to employ such principle in a truly ipractical 'llhe problem of seed separation b floatation is rendered diiicult because seeds same mixture will diifer but very little in specific gravity. A liquid such as normal water is not elicient in4 most cases. A heavier or denser li uid must be used, but that brings the liqui and seeds, or Some of them, to so near alike Vspecific gravity that anything that will cause movement or disturbance of the liquid will have a turbulent` elifect on the seeds and result in again mixing them, it they have separated into differ-` ent strata or levels. Devices, therefore, intended for' the removal of the sorted seeds from the liquid after the stratification has taken place, that cause any agitation or movement of the liquid, undo, in part at least, the separation that may have been produced, Other diilicultiesl that may be named are the effects that liquids, sueltas plain water and aqueous solutions may have ,on the seed. Thus salt (sodium chloride) in the water to add to its density sterilizes some seeds, and any undue saturation of seeds may be objectionable. It is therefore evident that the' efficient, safe, and otherwise satisfactory separation 'of seeds in a mixture ot'assorted seedsychatf, dirt, etc., calls for the solution of various problems.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a front elevation of apparatus which may be used to practice the method or process I have invented and which has a construction that embodies my invention regarded as an apparatus;

- Fig. 2 is a perspective View of a portion thereof drawn on a larger scale showings mixture holding receptacle elevated above theliquid tank; Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-'3 of Fig. 1, but .with a basket and contents submerged Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a view like Fi 3 of a form of ing potatoes;

in the l -to what is illustrated, and which I describe hereinafter, ybut extends to what is defined by or embraced within the scope of theappended claims. t

Generally describing the 'apparatus shown in the drawings, it embodies a series 4of similar or substantially similar tanksarranged s ide by side, thirteen in. number, some of which contain a liquld, pure Water in two cases, in the others, preferably a solutionv of su ar, and the respective solutions .being o graduated density, and a number of similar receptacles which for convenience of description, I will Acall bas-J kets, because they, or any one of them, receives and holds and is av carrier for the mixture to be classified or separated, each of which is capable of descent into and removal from any one ofthe tanks, (except the last one of the series), end of movement from one to another of the series, van overhead trolley type raising and lowering device being provided for such handling Vof said baskets.v l

Proceeding now with a detail-description of the apparatus shown, each of twelve of the tanks is rectangular in horizontal section, (though, ofcourse, it could be round or any other shape), closed at bottom and on all four sides, but o en at the top and capable of holding. liqui the first tank, 10, and the eighth, 11, of the series `containing pure water, 12, and=the intervening't'anks,

. pipe: 17s

' through, while itsA fourth glass 1n a. frame, 22, and slidable vertical- 13, containing a sugar, glucose or other gravity solution, 14, varying in density say rom a proportion of one art of sugar to from four to twelve parts el, water to one of two parts of ar to one of water. The bottom of the ta has at the center an outlet opening, 15, normally closed by a cover, 16, throng which, when the cover is lifted, sedimenta matter may pass into an outlet aving a discharge end that `is closed by a'plug or valve, 18, and which overhangs a gutter, 19. A chain 16, is attached to the cover to lift it.

Each basket, 20, has a. forxncorrespondto that of the. tanks, but suiiiciently smaller, horizontally, to allow it to be easily lowered into and lifted from a tank, its bottom and three of its side walls being perforated for the flow of liquid theref'wall, 21, is of at opposite edes in ides, 23 for a purpose explained Y One of the walls of each tank is also glass and the i glass walls of the two being opposite in the use of the apparatus, the contents ofthe basket are visible to the operator, and he can thus observe what is going on therein. The slidable wall, 2l, is counterbalanced, as by. a weight, 24, on each side, suspended by a chain or cord, 25, attached to the wall at the Y`top, and passing over 'a pulley, 26.

V,'lhus, the slidableiwall is heldin its normally raised position, and at whatever other levels to which it may be moved, and but little eifort is required to move it vertically. Each weight is conlined in a. vertical pocket or guideway, 27, on the adjacent side wall of the basket. Y Y

Suitable guiding meansare provided for the basket in its vertical movement in a tank. For this purpose, as shown, a roller, 28, is provided on the outside o-each of two opposite side walls of the basket, which passes between spaced vertical ribs, 29, on the adjacent tank wall, and the upper ends of said ribs, 29, diverge for the ready entrance of the appropriate roller, 28.

Preferably, the bottoni of the basket (see Fig. 5) is hinged so that at will, it may be swung downward to empty the basket contents.

The perforated side walls of the basket are preferably made of wire cloth, each side.

consisting of a sheet of such cloth attached to a frame, and the latter is removably secured', as by bolts, 30, to bars, 31, that form theA basket frame, so that ready and inexthe completecircuit. Inasmuch as a num-- ber ofv baskets may be suspended at a time, available for use in succession the track may have an extension 36, switch, on which the baskets may be run- The hoist, 34, is of'a construction having a device to retain the basket inA an elevated posltion. The raised basket rests against a orizontal bar, 35.

The last tank of the series is intended .temporarily to receive the completed product, and it therefore has near mid-height an inclined platform, 37, of wire-cloth, or otherwiseI perforated toY permit delivered to said tank. At the lower end of saidiplatform, 37, the tank wall has an Open-11183' from which leads a. chute, 40, thatdelivers the tofa mili-- controlled by a l the dranage of liquid from seeds or other articles- 38,' :closed by@ suitable dwaas,

first tank they jerky motions, A

effort because of the buoyant effect of the enveloping liquid. Gravity separatlon havingy By reason ot' the flowing freely out :assi

able drier, preferably a 'eentrifli al drier, 41, of well-known construction. rom the latter the product is removed for further treatment such as grading for size, if necessary, or for storage in bins. For grading and further drying a machine, 44, of the vibrating or shaking screen type may be employed into which is introduced heated air from a suitable heater` 45.

I, of course, do not restrict myself to any particular dimensions, or forms of members or parts, but it will aid to an understanding and appreciation' of the working capacity ot' apparatus embodyino my invention to say that with thirteen tanks, each two feet square and about five feet high, three men working ten hours a day can handle a car load of mixed seed. f

Describing the procedure. pursued and the manipulation necessary in the case of the apparatus shown in the drawings, a mixture of seed, containing, say, number being an average) and dirt and gravel, the proper quantity is loaded into one of the baskets which for loading'it is brought by its traveling hoist toa loading stand or station adjacent the first tank of the series. 'Such basket is'then transported to a position above the first tank, which containsclear water, and is lowered therein for the purpose of washing the seed. The basket is then lifted outof the washing tank and is carried to a position above that one of the tanks which contains the liquid of the vdensity which test has shown to be best suited to the mixture being ope-rated on, say that in the first tank, 13, and then lowered into the liquid in that tank until its contents are completely enveloped by the liquid. slight wetting which the received from the washing in the will readily descend into the liquid in tank, 13, an'dnot tend to stop and accumulate on the surface of such liquid. The various elements in the mixture will arrange themselves iny the liquid at differentlevels according to their respective gravities, the heaviest, of course, being lowest, the heaviest being dirt, gravel, etc., and the lightest, being chaff and defective seed, being at the top. If need be, to hasten gravitation to the (proper level, the basket may be moved up an down in a succession of short, which can be done with little seeds, etc.,

proceeded as far as possible, which the operator can determineby observation through the glass walls, the basket is next lifted out of the tank, 13, and the liquid therein, the liquid within the basket during the ascent, through the perforated bottom and side walls of the basket, and by the time the basket completel emerges from the liquid, the contents will e supportsix varieties (that -or pulled out of the taining tanks; and

treatment,

ed in a solid mass on the basket bottom, but 1n layers or strata exactly corresponding with'the disposition effected y the liquid, for

no mingling or confusion results,vor can -result, from the mere lifting operation. The

basket is now transported by its trolle supported hoist to a position above a tan 130,- in which has previously been placed another empty onc of' the baskets, and then the slidable front wallof the loaded4 basket is lowered to a level to uncover the chad and other light waste material at the top so that it can be raked or pulled off and allowed to fall into 'said empty basket in'tank, 130, a funnel, '42, being applied to--thetop of the empty tank to catch and direct the falling material. To hold the loaded basket in position during this operation, the lower end of' the front wall is inserted in the space between the back. wall of tank, 130, and the back wall of' the empty basket therein. The i the layer above the pure seed is emptied,

the funnel, 42, being used in that operation, which is performed in like manner to that described in connection with the removal of the chaff, etc. Next, the basket is transported to the tank, 132, containing an empty basket, and the sli'dable front wall being lowered to the proper level, the seed is raked basket, and delivered to such empty basket, and accomplished the front Wallis slid up to. closing position, and the basket removed from such tank and placed above an adjoining tank for the removal to thbasket thereinlof the gravel, dirt, etc., still remaining.

Later,` if further treatment of the seed deposited in the basket Iof tank, 132, is thought necessary to further 'classify it, that will be done by manipulating the basket con taining the same as hereinbefore described in connection with one ofthe solution-conin like manner the contents of the baskets of tanks, may be again subjected to such-classifying the various treatments' bemgffinally delivthat having been 130 and 131, l

theperfectly purified product of cred to the last tank forv transferring to the centrifugal drier.

When a sufficient quantity of pure seed accumulates in the basket of tank, 132,- such basket is transported tothe tank, 1l, and lowered into the pure water there-in to wash or rinse off the sugar or other material.

taken up rfrom the previously used solutions,

-the basket up and down with a to salvage the. same for reuse in the solution tanks, and thus no loss, or a minimum of loss of such material, is sustained. Likewise the basketcontaining straw or other waste and that containing gravel are dipped in the rinsing water of tank, ll, to salvage thematerial that may .adhere to such Waste material, and that having been accomplished the chaff, gravel, etc., are carried to the waste dump.

I use sugar or glucose as the means for increasing the density of water for separationor classifying purposes because in the CaSe of seeds such saccharine solutions form `a. iilm or skin coating on the seed that renders them impervious to moisture so that if for any reason the seed should be kept unnecessarily long in the Water or aqueous solution, it will not be damaged by water soaking; and I have found that seeds treated with such solutions germinate and sprout more quickly. However, I contemplate the use of other agents or materials to vary the density of the Water used in the tanks, and except in those cases where my claims restrict tosugar or other saccharine solutions it is tolle understood that I include such other agents within the purview of my invention.

While I have mentioned seeds, my inven- Ation extends to the treatment of other materials. Thus, my invention may most advan- 'tageously'bc utilized in the cleaning and Vseparation of the good :from the bad-or defective, and the grading of potatoes as to size'. In the case 0f potatoes, the basket, as shown in Fig. 5, will be subdivided by horizontal screen-form or perforated partitions, 46, Whose mesh or openings are of graduated size, the partition with the largest openings being at the highest level, and the others at lower levels according to the diameter of openin or mesh. Thus, upon the introduction o such a. basket with a load `ot' potatoes into a liquid-holding tank, the

rotten or defective potatoes will accumulate at thetop of the liquid, being lichter than the sound or good potatoes, and by moving succession of short jerks, the potatoes will gradually accumulate according to their-respective sizes upon the partitions and thus be graded according to size. Upon lifting the basket from thetank, the potatoes in several sizes will rest vupon the perforated partitions from which they can' be readily removed by dropping the removable front wall to the proper level and then tilting' the partition so as to pour or spill out the potatoes thereon for delivery to a suitable bin. A very important advantage from the use of my' invention for treating potatoes isv that during the cleaning, grading, and separating operation, a1-

though they may be in motion or agitated,

s uch occurs when they are in u. liquid andl moving upward a short distance,

hence they are not damaged when striking against one another or other objects. The partitions, 46, and alsotherbasket bottom, are shown in F ig. 5'as hinged ink slots, 47, in the basket frame at the iront so that they may bereadily removed and they mayswing either up or down., APivoted latches, 48, at

the rear hold them in horizontal position.

A cord, or chain, 46, extends from each to the basket top to tilt it. The basket construct-ion shown in Fig. 5 with the grading screens, may be advantageously employed with oranges, apples, and produce or articles other than potatoes.

Various devices may be employed to impart the up and down motion tothe basket. I show one such device, it being a horizontal rock shaft, 49, with arms, 50, adapted, when rocked upward, to engage projections on opposite sides of the basket such as a roller, 5l, on each side of the basket bail and, after allowed to drop quickly With the basket, this motion eri being accomplished by acam, 52, acting on tion.

Besides sugar for changing the density of Water and which I prefer for reasons hereinbefore given, a great `variety ot other materials may bev used, the materials being selected with reference to the elfect, harmless or otherwise, they may have upon the articles to be separated. To. mentionl a few others I name salt, honey,v glucose, syrup, and water-glass. Again materials may be used that possess insecticide properties, such, for example as blue stone, and chemicals or reagents that promote the growth of beneficent bacteria, suchas those which result in the production of nitrogen in the soil in which seed `is planted, may be used.

A problem, presenting great difliculties'in seed separation exists because of the presence in alfalfa and other clover seeds of dodder which differing but little in i'vei'ght from clover seed makes the separation by winnowing or air blast methods impossible..- Some varieties 'of dodder are slightly heavier than clover seeds, and others are a little lighter thanclover seeds. I have lfound-that by using a solution containing potassium salts, such as otassium iodide or potassium carbonate, t 1e solution can be given a density by which separation of clover seed and dodder seed' may be effected. In those cases Where the clover seed is the heavier, the solution is given a density which will cause 'the lllt) I dodder seed to ascend to a higher level, and i Y thoroughly `consistof 8 parts of water, 4 parts by using a when the dodder seed is the heavier, the solution is given a density which will cause the ascent of the clover seed. I preferably add sugar to the solution because ot' the bene-V ficial effects coming from the use oi" sugar as I have hereinbetore pointed out, 'and 4in the case ot' potassium iodide, because the sugar prevents any harmful ell'eet ot' the salt on the seed. By using sugar, less quantity of potassium salt is required and that diminishes the costbecause su ar is cheaper than the potassium salt. Anot that while the solution is given the required density, it is not thickened or put into a condition which hinders the ready movement of thel seeds through'the solution, whereas vif sugar alone is used in a quantity equal to both the sugar and the potassium salt content, the solution is apt to render the movement of the seeds sluggish. I have successfully used solutions consisting of 13 parts oi pure water, 8 parts of sugar, and 4 parts of potassium iodide. With this solution, 100% separation of the good seed from the dodder is efected when the dodder is the heavier. Where the dodder is lighter, the solution can ot' sugar, and 2 parts of potassium iodide. My tests have shown that when the dodder is heavier, it will precipitate in a solution'of 6 parts of water and 3 parts of potassium carbonate; and when the dodder is lighter it will rise in a solution of`12 parts of water and 4 parts of vpotassium carbonate. It is to be understood that the proportions I have mentioned need not be strictly followed, but they may be varied from without departure ,from the scope of my invention. In the practice of my invention the envelopment or immersion of the seeds in the solution is not long enough for the. seeds to be injured by the. solution, even in those cases where a prolonged stay -in the solution might be hurtful and, of course, the seed is quickly and washed and dried after the separation thereof from the solution. A solution in which `dodder will precipitate will also permit buckhorn, which is heavier than clover seed, to precipitate, and thist'act is important because both dodder and buckhorn' areusually mixed with clover'seed, and hence both can be s eparatedout. at one o )eration. Inasmuch as with the mixture of c over seed and the heavier'dodder and buckhorn there will be some seeds lighter than clover seed, such lighter seeds will v'first be separated te solution that will either float the lighter seed and the clover to a higher level than the dodder and buckhorn, or by using` a solution in which the clover seed with the dodder and buckhorn will precipitate.

I have found that thestratification of mixtures of all kinds of seed includingclovei,

er advantage comv mg from the addition of potassium salt 1s and seeds lighter than clover, can be produced by an aqueous solution containing any .one of such saceharine bodies as glucose, honey, table syrup, sugar, or salt and Waterglass,.and when the mixturecontains buckhoru and dodder, se arate stratification of all the varieties of 51e mixture can be effected by an aqueous solution of potassium iodide or potassium carbonate alone, or with any other or several of the materials just mentioned.

It is, of course, evident that -While the form of apparatus shown makes a very excellent embodiment of my invention, yet I do not restrict myself thereto, nor to any particular number of tanks. While. the lowering of a .basket or mixture container into a tank containing the desired liquid is a very desirable'procedure for enveloping the mixture-in the liquid, and the lifting of such basket is a very desirable way of eecting the separation of liquid and mixture after the stratification of the components of the mixture,'the liquid envelopin Iand#separatirig operations may be otherwise accomplished, as, for example, by raising and lowering the liquid tank or by flowing iank and then withdrawing the liquid thererom.

What I claim is:

, 1. The method of separating mixed bodies of different speciiic gravity which consists in enveloping the m xture in succession inliquids of graduated; time to time removing the layers from one another that are produced by the action of the liquids.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 when the several liquids are contained in different receptacles.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1 when the separation of the layers is effected in the absence of liquids, the layers atthe time of being separated being retained in the disposition thereof that is produced by the liquid.

4. The method of separating mixed bodies ot diierent specific gravity which consists in enveloping the mixture 1n succession in liquids of graduated density and from time the liquid into a density and from the liquid contains dissolved saccharine matas claimed in claim when first enveloped in normal 6. The method the mixture is water. f y

7.`The method as claimed in claim 1. in which after envelopment in the stratiying liquids the bodies are subjected to the action o fa rinsing liquid. .A

iso

` material that renders the lus 8. The method as claimed in claim 1 in which one of the liquids is a solution of a bodies impervious to moisture. i v

9. A method of separating a mixture of different classes of seeds which comprises the step of-stratifying the different classes of seeds in a solution that checks the moisture absorbing power of the seed.

10. A method of separating a mixture of different classes of seeds,Y comprising the step of stratifying the different in a solution containing saccharine matter.

- v11. The method of separating a mixture vof seeds of different classes which consists in :st-ratiying the different classes in a solution containing saccharine matter and then separating the solution from the stratitied seeds Without intermingling the different strata.

12. The method of of different classes of seeds which consists in wetting the mixture rwith water, then stratifying the dilerent classes of seeds in a solution containing` saccharine matter, and then separating the solution from the stratified seeds, ent strata.

13. The method of separating a mixture of different classes of seeds which consists in stratifying the dii'erent classes in a solution containing saccharine matter, then separating the solution from the stratified seeds without intermingling the strata, andwashing the strata separately to salvage the solution adhering thereto.

14. The method of separating a mixture of different classes ofseeds which consists in wetting the mixture with water, then stratifying the different classes in a solution containin saccharine matter, then separating the so ution from'the-stratified seeds without intermingling the strata, and washing the strata separately to salvage the solution adhering thereto.

15. 'A method of separating a mixture of different classes of seeds, comprising the step of stratifying the different classes of seeds in a solution containing glucose.

16. The method of separating a mixture of seeds of different classes which consists in stratifying the diiengnt classes of seeds in a solution containing glucose and then separating the solution from the stratifiedv seeds Without intermingling the different strata.

17. The method of separating a-mixture of dierent classes of seeds which consists in wetting'the mixture with water, then stratiing the different classes of seeds in a solution containing glucose, and then separating Vish-e solution from the stratified seeds without intermingling the different strata.

18. The method of separating a mixture of diierent classes of seeds which consists in stratifying the different classes of seeds in a. solution containing glucose, then separatclasses of seeds separating a mixture without intermingling the diiering `the solution from the stratiied seeds Without intermingling the strata, and washing the strata separately to saivage the solu- 'mixture in a solution that causes lthe bodies to occupy different. levels according to their respective gravitiesg said solution containing a material that renders the bodies impervious to moisture, and then removing theY odies of one specic gravity from the bodies of another specific gravity.

21. A classifying apparatus comprising liquids that .are respectively of 'diiferent density and means tohold such liquids se arately and means to envelop in such liquids in succession a mixture to be classified into its components and according to the specific gravities of the components.

22. A classifying apparatus comprising means for enveloping a mixture to be classilied into its components, according tothe specific gravities of the components, in a liquid of a. density that will separate the components into different strata and means effecting the separation of the bodies forming one stratum from those forming another without disturbing the stratification produced by the treating liquid. 23. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 in which the mixture to be treated is contained in' a basket that has a vertically slidable side wall.

24. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 which comprises a liquid holding tank and 'a mixture holding basket that is vertically movable in such tank.

25. A classifying apparatus comprising liquids of different density, containers for the respective liquids holding them separate, a mixture holding basket that is vertically movable inthe liquids within the respective containers` said basket being provided with a plurality of compartments and means ef fecting the separation of bodies from the mixture formed into one stratum by the liquid from those formed into another stra` tum without disturbing the stratification of the various bodies produced by the liquids. 26. A classifying apparatus comprislng a liquid holding tank and a mix-ture containing basket having a'vertically slidable side wall shiftable to place. its upper edge successively at dierent levels.

15 able from the respective tanks,

27. Aclassifyng apparatus comprising a liquid holding tank and a mixture containing baskethavlng gahvertically slidable side wall of t/nsvlparent -material shiftable -to .pplace its upper edge successively at different v- 1ev`els.

Q8. A classifying apparatus comprising a liquid holding tank `having a transparent holding basket inside wall and a nuXture sertible into and removable from such tank and having a transparent side wall.

29. A classifying apparatus comprising a series of liquid holding tanks, a mixture holding basket insertible into and remova tank for receiving one of the classiied products havlng a controllable outlet, and means for transporting the basket from one tank to another.-

30. A classifying apparatus comprising a liquid holding tank and a mixture containing basket divided into a plurality ofcompartments at different levels, the division between adjacent compartments being perforated, and said tank and basket being relatively movable vertically.

In testimony whereof speciication. l

- HARRY R. WARREN.

I have signed this 

